Build Packer multi-OS¶

Templates Packer HCL et construction des images Ubuntu 24.04 et Rocky Linux 9.

Structure Packer¶

packer/
├── variables.pkr.hcl          # Variables communes
├── ubuntu-vdi.pkr.hcl         # Source Ubuntu 24.04
├── rocky-vdi.pkr.hcl          # Source Rocky Linux 9
└── vdi.auto.pkrvars.hcl       # Valeurs par defaut

Variables communes¶

Créez packer/variables.pkr.hcl :

variable "project_id" {
  type        = string
  description = "ID du projet GCP"
}

variable "zone" {
  type        = string
  default     = "europe-west1-b"
  description = "Zone GCE pour le build"
}

variable "machine_type" {
  type        = string
  default     = "e2-standard-4"
  description = "Type de machine pour le build (4 vCPU recommande pour desktop)"
}

variable "universe_domain" {
  type        = string
  default     = "googleapis.com"
  description = "Universe domain GCP (souverain ou standard)"
}

variable "profile" {
  type        = string
  default     = "full"
  description = "Profil Ansible a appliquer (developer, office, full)"
}

variable "disk_size" {
  type        = number
  default     = 30
  description = "Taille du disque en Go"
}

Template Ubuntu¶

Créez packer/ubuntu-vdi.pkr.hcl :

packer {
  required_plugins {
    googlecompute = {
      version = ">= 1.1.0"
      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/googlecompute"
    }
    ansible = {
      version = ">= 1.1.0"
      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/ansible"
    }
  }
}

source "googlecompute" "ubuntu-vdi" {
  project_id          = var.project_id
  zone                = var.zone
  source_image_family = "ubuntu-2404-lts"
  source_image_project_id = "ubuntu-os-cloud"
  machine_type        = var.machine_type
  ssh_username        = "packer"

  image_name          = "vdi-ubuntu-${var.profile}-{{timestamp}}"
  image_family        = "vdi-ubuntu-${var.profile}"
  image_description   = "VDI Linux Ubuntu 24.04 - profil ${var.profile}"

  universe_domain = var.universe_domain

  disk_size = var.disk_size
  disk_type = "pd-ssd"

  tags = ["packer-build"]
}

build {
  sources = ["source.googlecompute.ubuntu-vdi"]

  provisioner "ansible" {
    playbook_file = "../ansible/playbook.yml"
    user          = "packer"
    extra_arguments = [
      "--scp-extra-args", "'-O'",
      "--extra-vars", "profile=${var.profile}"
    ]
    ansible_env_vars = [
      "ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False"
    ]
  }
}

Template Rocky¶

Créez packer/rocky-vdi.pkr.hcl :

packer {
  required_plugins {
    googlecompute = {
      version = ">= 1.1.0"
      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/googlecompute"
    }
    ansible = {
      version = ">= 1.1.0"
      source  = "github.com/hashicorp/ansible"
    }
  }
}

source "googlecompute" "rocky-vdi" {
  project_id          = var.project_id
  zone                = var.zone
  source_image_family = "rocky-linux-9"
  source_image_project_id = "rocky-linux-cloud"
  machine_type        = var.machine_type
  ssh_username        = "packer"

  image_name          = "vdi-rocky-${var.profile}-{{timestamp}}"
  image_family        = "vdi-rocky-${var.profile}"
  image_description   = "VDI Linux Rocky 9 - profil ${var.profile}"

  universe_domain = var.universe_domain

  disk_size = var.disk_size
  disk_type = "pd-ssd"

  tags = ["packer-build"]
}

build {
  sources = ["source.googlecompute.rocky-vdi"]

  provisioner "ansible" {
    playbook_file = "../ansible/playbook.yml"
    user          = "packer"
    extra_arguments = [
      "--scp-extra-args", "'-O'",
      "--extra-vars", "profile=${var.profile}"
    ]
    ansible_env_vars = [
      "ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False"
    ]
  }
}

Valeurs des variables¶

Créez packer/vdi.auto.pkrvars.hcl :

project_id      = "MON-PROJET-ID"
zone            = "europe-west1-b"
universe_domain = "my-universe.gcp.example.com"
profile         = "developer"

Ne pas commiter vos valeurs

Ajoutez *.auto.pkrvars.hcl a votre .gitignore. Commitez un fichier vdi.auto.pkrvars.hcl.example avec des placeholders.

Initialisation¶

cd packer
packer init ubuntu-vdi.pkr.hcl
packer init rocky-vdi.pkr.hcl

Lancer le build¶

Ubuntu — profil developer¶

packer build -var 'profile=developer' ubuntu-vdi.pkr.hcl

Rocky — profil office¶

packer build -var 'profile=office' rocky-vdi.pkr.hcl

Override un flag spécifique¶

packer build -var 'profile=developer' \
  ubuntu-vdi.pkr.hcl

Puis dans le playbook, passez un override via extra_arguments :

extra_arguments = [
  "--extra-vars", "profile=${var.profile} k3s_enabled=false"
]

Matrice de build¶

OS	Profil	Image famille	Durée estimée
Ubuntu 24.04	developer	`vdi-ubuntu-developer`	20-25 min
Ubuntu 24.04	office	`vdi-ubuntu-office`	15-20 min
Ubuntu 24.04	full	`vdi-ubuntu-full`	25-30 min
Rocky 9	developer	`vdi-rocky-developer`	20-25 min
Rocky 9	office	`vdi-rocky-office`	15-20 min
Rocky 9	full	`vdi-rocky-full`	25-30 min

Troubleshooting¶

Erreur	Cause	Solution
`apt-get lock`	Processus concurrent	Ajouter un pre-task `cloud-init status --wait`
`xrdp service not found`	Paquet non installe	Vérifier `desktop_packages` dans `group_vars/`
`K3s timeout`	Ressources insuffisantes	Passer a `e2-standard-4` minimum
`binfmt_misc not found`	Kernel sans support	Vérifier `CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y` dans le kernel
`podman rootless failed`	subuid/subgid manquants	Vérifier la tâche de configuration subuid

Vérifier les images¶

gcloud compute images list --filter="family:vdi-" --format="table(name, family, status, creationTimestamp)"

Attendu :

NAME                                FAMILY                STATUS  CREATION_TIMESTAMP
vdi-ubuntu-developer-1234567890     vdi-ubuntu-developer  READY   2026-04-09T...
vdi-rocky-office-1234567890         vdi-rocky-office      READY   2026-04-09T...